Analisis Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Manunggal Kecamatan Karang Bintang Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes technical efficiency, technical inefficiency, and production factors influencing
cayenne pepper farming in Manunggal Village, Karang Bintang Subdistrict, Tanah Bumbu Regency. The research applied the Cobb-Douglas production function with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach. A total of 34 farmers were selected using a census method. Primary data were collected
through questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from relevant institutions. The analysis employed FRONTIER Version 4.1c with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method and the Cobb-Douglas function using OLS in SPSS. The findings indicate that three out of five production factors significantly affected production, namely land area, fertilizer, and labor. Land area and fertilizer
had positive effects, while labor showed a negative effect. Seeds and pesticides were not significant. The average technical efficiency score of 0.672 suggests that cayenne pepper farming has not yet reached full efficiency. Socioeconomic variables, including age, education, farming experience, and land ownership status, were not statistically significant in explaining technical inefficiency, although land ownership showed a tendency toward significance at the 10% level. The study concludes that efficiency improvement requires optimizing labor use, enchancing fertilizer management, and providing farmer training. Further research is recommended to integrate managerial and technological aspects to improve cayenne pepper farming efficiency.
Keywords: cayenne pepper farming, production factors, stochastic frontier analysis, technical efficiency and inefficiency

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efisiensi teknis, inefisiensi teknis, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi usahatani cabai rawit di Desa Manunggal, Kecamatan Karang Bintang, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Penelitian menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dengan pendekatan
Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Sampel terdiri dari 34 petani cabai rawit yang dipilih melalui metode sensus. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari instansi terkait. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan program FRONTIER Version 4.1c dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) serta metode OLS melalui SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari lima faktor produksi yang dianalisis, tiga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi, yaitu luas lahan, pupuk, dan tenaga kerja. Luas lahan dan pupuk berpengaruh positif, sedangkan tenaga kerja berpengaruh negatif. Bibit dan pestisida tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Tingkat efisiensi teknis rata-rata
sebesar 0,672 menunjukkan bahwa usahatani cabai rawit di Desa Manunggal belum efisien. Sementara itu, variabel sosial ekonomi (usia, pendidikan, pengalaman, status kepemilikan lahan) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap inefisiensi teknis, meskipun status kepemilikan lahan cenderung signifikan pada taraf 10%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan optimalisasi tenaga kerja, peningkatan manajemen pemupukan, serta pembinaan petani. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan menambahkan variabel manajerial dan teknologi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani cabai rawit.
Kata Kunci: efisiensi dan infesiensi teknis, faktor produksi, usahatani cabai rawit, stochastic frontier
analysis